This talk concerns the misalignment between different approaches to discussing the persecution of Romany peoples during World War II. After 1945, Romany survivors invested enormous efforts in disputes with the postwar German and Austrian authorities, who insisted that in most cases their treatment during the war had not been motivated by racial but by social or other (security) considerations. Survivors rightly argued that theirs was a community of fate: there were no passes to freedom available for them from 1938–1945.